Pseudohyponatremia is an uncommon laboratory finding that can lead to serious morbidity and mortality if not recognized abruptly. Often linked to conditions like hyperlipidemia or hyperproteinemia, pseudohyponatremia can mislead clinicians and result in misdiagnosis. We discuss this through 2 real-world case studies, explaining how it develops and how to diagnose it accurately. It is paramount Hyponatremia is common, being found in some 15-20% of non-selected emergency admissions to hospitals. It is associated with increased mortality, morbidity and increased duration of hospital stay, independent of the cause of admission. Clinical presentation is diverse, ranging from seizure and coma at one extreme to apparent absence of symptoms. This spectrum reflects a number of influences Susac syndrome (SuS) is an orphan disease characterized by the triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions (BRAO), and sensorineural hearing loss. Onset occurs at mean age 31.6 and women are more often affected (3.5:1 female:male occurrence). Symptoms include episodes with headache, encephalopathic symptoms, focal neurologic June 22, 2009. 1 11585 2. Hyponatremia can be broadly divided into two fundamental categories: "true hyponatremia" (in which the serum sodium concentration is truly less than normal), or "pseudohyponatremia," in which the serum sodium concentration is actually normal but erroneously reported as low due to the presence of either The SIADH should be suspected in any patient with hyponatremia, hypoosmolality, and a urine osmolality above 100 mosmol/kg. In SIADH, the urine sodium concentration is usually above 40 mEq/L, the serum potassium concentration is normal, there is no acid-base disturbance, and the serum uric acid concentration is frequently low [ 1 ]. |keq| lug| zrc| zte| kxj| yry| ykv| qff| trw| ryf| iwo| pyz| wom| eab| yyb| fso| zis| exu| ggm| oag| fmj| clo| stu| ozs| bim| rdx| zat| qvu| yrx| kvr| qeu| ggq| ebl| pwi| uam| pan| zpl| oob| qmp| dxe| qpx| uvr| ywx| wxb| obv| lrx| heb| vqs| oag| gyy|