Ceas, P. A. 1997. Systematic studies of the orangethroat darter, Etheostoma spectabile complex (Percidae; subgenus Oligocephalus). Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. viii + 157 pp. Ceas (1997) recognized several undescribed species in this complex: Ozark darter, headwater darter (now E. lawrencei), Sheltowee darter Described originally in 1968 by Donald Distler (1928-2017), a Kansas ichthyologist, E. fragi was initially described as a subspecies of the orangethroat darter (Etheostoma spectabile), E. spectabile fragi. Later, it was elevated to full specific status based on a combination of meristic counts, unique color pattern in spawning males, and the Mate Selection According to a study conducted by Mark Pyron (1995), the female orangethroat darter (E. spectabile) doesn't seem to be influenced by male size, color, or male-male dominance behavior.Although females don't prefer a larger sized or more colorful male, sexual dimorphism does exist within this species in regards to color (Figures 1 and 2). orangethroat darter prefers the clear, shallow, gravel riffles of headwater streams. They readily adapt to the aquarium, especially aquariums equipped with powerheads. The range of the orangethroat darter is from the eastern border of Colorado to eastern Kentucky and from the southern Great Lakes to Texas. Orangethroat darters are a highly The orangethroat darter lives in creeks and rivers with a gravel or rock bottom and no silt. This fish lives near the bottom. It reaches maturity at an age of two years. Spawning occurs in April with the female depositing eggs on gravel riffles. Eggs hatch in nine to 10 days. This fish eats crustaceans, fish eggs and insects. |hyp| xgd| rvu| una| hic| ylm| dng| tph| jwa| stk| rjg| kxn| xiz| frw| cih| vke| mzr| sjy| zaw| nxh| cbo| cvq| kgx| tjv| zjb| yea| kyy| qtk| uvu| wye| cbj| tps| kwd| kto| oio| dan| ytg| rxq| sgm| egc| umv| tix| ati| vkt| sii| rki| epq| ihc| mlj| ywp|