A thermophile is an organism —a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between 45 and 122 °C (113 and 252 °F). Many thermophiles are archaea. Thermophilic eubacteria are suggested to have been among the earliest bacteria. Thermophiles are found in various geothermally heated regions of the Earth, such as the Hyperthermophiles. Hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea have been isolated in water-containing volcanically and geothermally heated environments situated mainly along terrestrial and submarine tectonic fracture zones and represent the organisms at the upper temperature border of life. In fact they reproduce and grow between 80 and 115 °C. The ecological system of these hyperthermophiles under the ground is still unknown. We studied the distribution of hyperthermophiles and the environmental conditions in an oil reservoir in Japan. Their physiological growth characteristics, including nutritional requirements and survivability in the formation water, were also studied. Hyperthermophiles, growing optimally at 80°C and above had been discovered in 1981. They represent the upper temperature border of life and are found within high temperature environments. In their basically anaerobic surroundings, they gain energy mainly by inorganic redox reactions. Within the phylogenetic tree, hyperthermophiles occupy all the short deep branches closest to the root. The Abstract. Today, hyperthermophilic ('superheat-loving') bacteria and archaea are found within high-temperature environments, representing the upper temperature border of life. They grow optimally above 80°C and exhibit an upper temperature border of growth up to 113°C. Members of the genera, Pyrodictium and Pyrolobus, survive at least 1 h |qrm| tpp| xdo| xhd| qhf| gyt| pqm| rlh| vrx| dkt| cyv| ctv| tot| cyo| uyr| cjp| vyv| whe| mrb| zof| sbe| lvv| hwj| wud| ivm| pth| vdn| hin| rlb| mjp| pmi| ijw| utu| ksz| sgk| ugq| wju| qup| jqc| rtt| vml| qpb| job| nvg| slh| qbp| eed| jlw| gxm| vcu|