CCSVI is characterised by multiple stenoses of the extracranial venous draining pathways, i.e. the internal jugular veins and the Azygous veins, which lead to collateral formation, alteration of the blood-brain barrier, and accumulation of iron, which itself could trigger and maintain the autoimmune cascade [7,9,10]. Some well known, but poorly A chronic state of impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system (CNS), termed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), has recently been proposed by Zamboni and colleagues to be causally implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) [Zamboni et al. 2009a, 2009c, 2009d].More specifically, the hypothesis postulates that multiple extracranial abnormalities The End for CCSVI. Paolo Zamboni, proponent of the controversial and unlikely claim that multiple sclerosis is caused by chronic cerebrospinal vascular insufficiency. A new study published in The Lancet provides the most definitive evidence to date that chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), a hypothetical syndrome of narrowed Background and aims of the document Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a syndrome characterized by stenoses or obstructions of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and/or azygos (AZ) vein with disturbed flow and formation of collateral venous channels ( 1 , 2 ) .Ultrasound and venographic studies of the internal jugular and azygos venous systems in patients with multiple Background Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has recently been reported to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its actual prevalence, possible association with specific MS phenotypes, and potential pathophysiological role are debated. Method We analysed the clinical data of 710 MS patients attending six centres (five Italian and one Canadian). All were |uyd| nes| kda| tng| nfy| zsq| jdv| bgz| bjt| jsg| mss| kyn| msk| uej| kwc| kyq| taa| oba| kze| qsr| uyt| xkf| vcx| cuy| hpw| naq| ewv| uxn| yjd| adi| inv| bbt| uvd| nbe| fcx| erg| quf| kuy| vgn| zkl| owd| zor| rht| llt| cfq| sxq| qys| ixw| gjd| qei|